Sugar is form of organic chemical which can be extracted in various plant and also all of green planets. We as human consume organic chemical so called sugar in daily life. The sugar itself was not important until the middle of the nineteenth century, yet the sugar cane became valuable source after middle nineteenth century due to first domesticated in New Guinea around 8000 B.C, and two thousand years later, the corn cane was moved to the Philippines and India, and possibly Indonesia. This is the starting point of when we use sugar in daily life.
The sugar cane definitely relate to political ecology, since the meaning of political ecology is "political ecology is the study of the politics of environmental changes that influence the changes in socioeconomic power relations of the people in a society which may be due to natural or human induced phenomena and development", political ecology basically means politics view of environmental change that are caused by human or nature since the sugar was created by the nature and found by human, so that people in New Guinea could cultivate sugar cane and spread all over the world in today, thus sugar cane is relate with political ecology.
The sugar cane cannot be grown in all over the place in the world, there are certain place where sugar cane can be grown. This cause the global capitalism, global capitalism is basically means trade with anywhere in the world if it benefit you. So the country where it could produce the sugar cane select the price and make profit out of it. Thus sugar cane is also impact of global capitalism.